| Allspice |
1 tsp |
½ tsp cinnamon, ¼ tsp ginger, and ¼ tsp cloves |
| Arrowroot starch |
1 tsp |
1 T flour, 1 tsp cornstarch |
| Baking mix |
1 C |
1 C pancake mix, 1 C Easy Biscuit Mixture |
| Baking powder |
1 tsp |
¼ tsp baking soda plus ½ tsp cream of tartar OR ¼ tsp baking soda plus ½ C buttermilk (decrease liquid in recipe by ½ C) |
| Beer |
1 C |
1 C nonalcoholic beer, 1 C chicken broth |
| Brandy |
¼ C |
1 tsp imitation brandy extract plus enough water to make ¼ C |
| Bread crumbs |
1 C |
1 C cracker crumbs OR 1 C matzo meal OR 1 C ground oats |
| Broth - beef or chicken |
1 C |
1 bouillon cube plus 1 C boiling water OR 1 T soy sauce plus enough water to make 1 C OR 1 C vegetable broth |
| Brown sugar |
1 C, packed |
1 C white sugar plus ¼ C molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by ¼ C OR 1 C white sugar OR 1¼ C confectioners' sugar |
| Butter (salted) |
1 C |
1 C margarine OR 1 C shortening plus ½ tsp salt OR ⅞ C vegetable oil plus ½ tsp salt OR ⅞ C lard plus ½ tsp salt |
| Butter (unsalted) |
1 C |
1 C shortening OR ⅞ C vegetable oil OR ⅞ C lard |
| Buttermilk |
1 C |
1 C yogurt OR 1 T lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 C |
| Cheddar cheese |
1 C shredded |
1 C shredded Colby cheddar OR 1 C shredded Monterey Jack cheese |
| Chervil |
1 T chopped fresh |
1 T chopped fresh parsley |
| Chicken base |
1 T |
1 C canned or homemade chicken broth or stock. Reduce liquid in recipe by 1 C |
| Chocolate(semisweet) |
1 oz |
1 (1 oz) square of unsweetened chocolate plus 4 tsp sugar OR 1 oz semisweet chocolate chips plus 1 tsp shortening |
| Chocolate (unsweetened) |
1 oz |
3 T unsweetened cocoa plus 1 T shortening or vegetable oil |
| Cocoa |
¼ C |
1 (1 oz) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Condensed cream of mushroom soup |
1 (10¾ oz) can |
1 (10¾ oz) can condensed cream of celery, cream of chicken, or golden mushroom soup |
| Corn syrup |
1 C |
1¼ C white sugar plus ⅓ C water OR 1 C honey OR 1 C light treacle syrup |
| Cottage cheese |
1 C |
1 C farmers cheese OR 1 C ricotta cheese |
| Cracker crumbs |
1 C |
1 C bread crumbs OR 1 C matzo meal OR 1 C ground oats |
| Cream (half and half) |
1 C |
⅞ C milk plus 1 T butter |
| Cream (heavy) |
1 C |
1 C evaporated milk OR ¾ C milk plus ⅓ C butter |
| Cream (light) |
1 C |
1 C evaporated milk OR ¾ C milk plus 3 T butter |
| Cream (whipped) |
1 C |
1 C frozen whipped topping, thawed |
| Cream cheese |
1 C |
1 C pureed cottage cheese OR 1 C plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| Cream of tartar |
1 tsp |
2 tsp lemon juice or vinegar |
| Creme fraiche |
1 C |
Combine 1 C of heavy cream and 1 T of plain yogurt. Let stand for 6 hours at room temperature |
| Egg |
1 whole (3 T) |
2½ T of powdered egg substitute plus 2½ T water, ¼ C liquid egg substitute, ¼ C silken tofu pureed, 3 T mayonnaise, ½ a banana mashed with ½ tsp baking powder, 1 T powdered flax seed soaked in 3 T water |
| Evaporated milk |
1 C |
1 C light cream |
| Farmers cheese |
8 oz |
8 oz dry cottage cheese OR 8 oz creamed cottage cheese, drained |
| Fats for baking |
1 C |
1 C applesauce OR 1 C fruit puree |
| Flour - Bread |
1 C |
1 C all-purpose flour plus 1 tsp wheat gluten |
| Flour - Cake |
1 C |
1 C all-purpose flour minus 2 T |
| Flour - Self Rising |
1 C |
⅞ C all-purpose flour plus 1½ tsp baking powder and ½ tsp of salt |
| Garlic |
1 clove |
⅛ tsp garlic powder OR ½ tsp granulated garlic OR ½ tsp garlic salt - reduce salt in recipe |
| Gelatin |
1 T, granulated |
2 tsp agar agar |
| Ginger - dry |
1 tsp |
2 tsp chopped fresh ginger |
| Ginger - fresh |
1 tsp, minced |
½ tsp ground dried ginger |
| Green onion |
½ C, chopped |
½ C chopped onion, OR ½ C chopped leek OR ½ C chopped shallots |
| Hazelnuts |
1 C whole |
1 C macadamia nuts OR 1 C almonds |
| Herbs - fresh |
1 T chopped fresh |
1 tsp chopped dried herbs |
| Herring |
8 oz |
8 oz of sardines |
| Honey |
1 C |
1¼ C white sugar plus ⅓ C water OR 1 C corn syrup OR 1 C light treacle syrup |
| Hot pepper sauce |
1 tsp |
¾ tsp cayenne pepper plus 1 tsp vinegar |
| Ketchup |
1 C |
1 C tomato sauce plus 1 tsp vinegar plus 1 T sugar |
| Lard |
1 C |
1 C shortening OR ⅞ C vegetable oil OR 1 C butter |
| Lemon grass |
2 fresh stalks |
1 T lemon zest |
| Lemon juice |
1 tsp |
½ tsp vinegar OR 1 tsp white wine OR 1 tsp lime juice |
| Lemon zest |
1 tsp |
½ tsp lemon extract OR 2 T lemon juice |
| Lime juice |
1 tsp |
1 tsp vinegar OR 1 tsp white wine OR 1 tsp lemon juice |
| Lime zest |
1 tsp |
1 tsp lemon zest |
| Macadamia nuts |
1 C |
1 C almonds OR 1 C hazelnuts |
| Mace |
1 tsp |
1 tsp nutmeg |
| Margarine |
1 C |
1 C shortening plus ½ tsp salt OR 1 C butter OR ⅞ C vegetable oil plus ½ tsp salt OR ⅞ C lard plus ½ tsp salt |
| Mayonnaise |
1 C |
1 C sour cream OR 1 C plain yogurt |
| Milk - whole |
1 C |
1 C soy milk, 1 C rice milk, 1 C water or juice, ¼ C dry milk powder plus 1 C water, ⅔ C evaporated milk plus ⅓ C water |
| Mint - fresh |
¼ C chopped |
1 T dried mint leaves |
| Molasses |
1 C |
mix together ¾ C brown sugar and 1 tsp cream of tartar |
| Mustard - prepared |
1 T |
Mix together 1 T dried mustard, 1 tsp water, 1 tsp vinegar and 1 tsp sugar |
| Onion |
1 C, chopped |
1 C chopped green onions, 1 C chopped shallots, 1 C chopped leeks, ¼ C dried minced onion, ¼ C onion powder |
| Orange juice |
1 T |
1 T other citrus juice |
| Orange zest |
1 T |
½ tsp orange extract OR 1 tsp lemon juice |
| Parmesan Cheese |
½ C, grated |
½ C grated Asiago cheese OR ½ C grated Romano cheese |
| Parsley |
1 T chopped fresh |
1 T chopped fresh chervil OR 1 tsp dried parsley |
| Pepperoni |
1 oz |
1 oz salami |
| Raisin |
1 C |
1 C dried currants OR 1 C dried cranberries OR 1 C chopped pitted prunes |
| Rice - white |
1 C, cooked |
1 C cooked barley OR 1 C cooked bulgur OR 1 C cooked brown or wild rice |
| Ricotta |
1 C |
1 C dry cottage cheese OR 1 C silken tofu |
| Rum |
1 T |
½ tsp rum extract, plus enough water to make 1 T |
| Saffron |
¼ tsp |
¼ tsp turmeric |
| Salami |
1 oz |
1 oz pepperoni |
| Semisweet chocolate chips |
1 C |
1 C chocolate candies OR 1 C peanut butter or other flavored chips OR 1 C chopped nuts OR 1 C chopped dried fruit |
| Shallots, chopped |
½ C |
½ C chopped onion, OR ½ C chopped leek OR ½ C chopped green onion |
| Shortening |
1 C |
1 C butter OR 1 C margarine minus ½ tsp salt from recipe |
| Sour cream |
1 C |
1 C plain yogurt OR 1 T lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 C OR ¾ C buttermilk mixed with ⅓ C butter |
| Sour milk |
1 C |
1 T vinegar or lemon juice mixed with enough milk to make 1 C - Let stand 5 minutes to thicken |
| Soy sauce |
½ C |
4 T Worcestershire sauce mixed with 1 T water |
| Stock - beef or chicken |
1 C |
1 cube beef or chicken bouillon dissolved in 1 C water |
| Sweetened condensed milk |
1 (14 oz) can |
¾ C white sugar mixed with ½ C water and 1⅛ C dry powdered milk - Bring to a boil, and cook, stirring frequently until thickened, about 20 minutes |
| Vegetable oil (baking) |
1 C |
1 C applesauce OR 1 C fruit puree |
| Vegetable oil (frying) |
1 C |
1 C lard OR 1 C vegetable shortening |
| Vinegar |
1 tsp |
1 tsp lemon or lime juice OR 2 tsp white wine |
| White sugar |
1 C |
1 C brown sugar OR 1¼ C confectioners' sugar OR ¾ C honey OR ¾ C corn syrup |
| Wine |
1 C |
1 C chicken or beef broth OR 1 C fruit juice mixed with 2 tsp vinegar OR 1 C water |
| Yeast - active dry |
1 (¼ oz) package |
1 cake compressed yeast OR 2½ tsp active dry yeast OR 2½ tsp rapid rise yeast |
| Yogurt |
1 C |
1 C sour cream OR 1 C buttermilk OR 1 C sour milk |